Component Causes of Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis - The Role of Moraxella Species in the Epidemiology of Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis

John Dustin Loy; Matthew Hille; Gabriele Maier; Michael L Clawson

doi:10.1016/j.cvfa.2021.03.004

Component Causes of Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis - The Role of Moraxella Species in the Epidemiology of Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis

Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract. 2021 Jul;37(2):279-293. doi: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2021.03.004.

Authors

John Dustin Loy¹, Matthew Hille², Gabriele Maier³, Michael L Clawson⁴

Affiliations

¹ Nebraska Veterinary Diagnostic Center, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 4040 East Campus Loop North 115Q NVDC, Lincoln, NE 68583-0907, USA. Electronic address: jdloy@unl.edu.
² Nebraska Veterinary Diagnostic Center, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 4040 East Campus Loop North 115Q NVDC, Lincoln, NE 68583-0907, USA.
³ Department of Population Health & Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, VM3B, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
⁴ US Meat Animal Research Center, USDA Agriculture Research Service, Clay Center, 844 Road 313, Clay Center, NE 68933, USA.

PMID: 34049659
DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2021.03.004

Abstract

Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) involves multiple factors and opportunistic pathogens, including members of the genus Moraxella, specifically M bovis. The causal role of M bovis is clear, where the presence of virulence factors that facilitate colonization (pili) and host cytotoxicity (RTX toxins) are well characterized, and IBK has been reproduced in many models. Experimental infection with M bovoculi has failed to reproduce IBK-typical lesions in cattle thus far. However, recent work using genomics and mass spectrometry have found genomic diversity and recombination within these species, making species differentiation complex and challenging the ability to assign IBK causality to these organisms.

Keywords: Genomics; Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis; MALDI-TOF MS; Moraxella bovis; Moraxella bovoculi; Moraxella ovis; Pathogenesis.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

Animals
Cattle
Cattle Diseases / microbiology*
Keratoconjunctivitis, Infectious / microbiology*
Moraxella / classification*
Moraxella / genetics
Moraxellaceae Infections / microbiology
Moraxellaceae Infections / veterinary*