Background: Women living in the Arab world present low breast cancer screening rates, delayed diagnosis, and higher mortality rates.
Purpose: To further explore the Muslim Syrian refugee women's breast self-examination (BSE), utilization of clinical breast examination (CBE) and mammography.
Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive exploratory study design was used. The sample consisted of 75 refugee women. Data were collected using Champion's Health Belief Model Scale, the Cancer Stigma Scale, and the Arab Culture-Specific Barriers to Breast Cancer Questionnaire. Descriptive, Pearson correlation and logistic regression analyses were used to analyze the data.
Results: A minority of women had BSE (32%), CBE (12%) and mammograms (6.7%) anytime during their lifetime. Women's breast cancer screening (BCS) knowledge ranked at a medium level (M = 10.57, SD = 0.40). Low knowledge score, BSE information, policy opposition, responsibility, barriers to BSE, and seriousness were found to be statistically significant in women's BSE practice. BSE benefits and religious beliefs significantly predict CBE Age, education, knowledge, responsibility, susceptibility, social barriers, and religious beliefs were statistically significant in women's mammography use (p < .01).
Conclusions: Participants' breast cancer screening practices were low. Health beliefs, Arab culture and stigma about cancer affected women's BCS practices. Faith-based interventions may improve knowledge and practices.
Keywords: Breast cancer screening; Syrian refugee women; breast cancer self-examination; health beliefs model; mammograms.