Applying the Input-Process-Outcome Model to Team Learning in Sport Sciences: An Exploratory Qualitative Study on Twenty Soccer Players

Thibault Kérivel; Cyril Bossard; Gilles Kermarrec

doi:10.2478/hukin-2021-0040

Applying the Input-Process-Outcome Model to Team Learning in Sport Sciences: An Exploratory Qualitative Study on Twenty Soccer Players

J Hum Kinet. 2021 Mar 31:78:251-262. doi: 10.2478/hukin-2021-0040. eCollection 2021 Mar.

Authors

Thibault Kérivel^{1

2}, Cyril Bossard², Gilles Kermarrec²

Affiliations

¹ University of Nantes, "Movement, Interactions, Performance" Lab. UFR STAPS, 25Bis Boulevard Guy Mollet, 44322 Nantes France.
² University of West Brittany, Research Center for Education Learning and Didactics, 20 avenue Victor Le Gorgeu, 29200 Brest France.

Abstract

In sport science literature, referring to the Input-Process-Outcome (IPO) model, few studies demonstrated links between team training and team learning despites several calls for empirical studies. Thus, this study aimed at exploring systemically the building process of the interpersonal coordination by focusing on (1) a specific antecedent (i.e., video feedback during practice), (2) the influence of this antecedent on the team learning process, and (3) outcomes from this process as shared cognitive contents. Thus, this study was original by examining empirically the IPO model in a sport-training context. Our study showed that Input influenced the specific learning Process during practice (five processes) and video feedback sessions (five processes) and produced Outcomes (six typical shared cognitive contents). Finally, results are discussed in relation to team learning processes theoretically identified in the literature and an IPO soccer model adapted to team learning in a soccer context is proposed.

Keywords: soccer; team learning; team training; video feedback.