Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is a promising method for tumor treatment, but self-quenching property, low loading efficiency of sonosensitizers, and hypoxia tumor microenvironment (TME) hinder the efficiency of SDT. Herein, an erythrocyte membrane (EM)-camouflaged metal-organic framework (MOF) of PCN-224 nanoparticles (NPs) integrated with platinum (Pt) NPs as well as glucose oxidase (GOx) has been developed to overcome these limits. Porphyrin-based PCN-224 NPs are synthesized as a sonosensitizer with a large amount of well-organized porphyrin molecules while simultaneously acting as the nanocarriers (NCs) for Pt NPs and GOx. When the NCs are internalized by tumor cells, Pt NPs on their surface are able to utilize endogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to produce oxygen for the relief of tumor hypoxia, thus enhancing the SDT effect. After EM cloaking, the longer circulation time can improve biocompatibility in vivo and enhance accumulation in tumor tissue. Loaded GOx is beneficial to local glucose consumption and can realize the tumor starvation therapy effect. Consequently, these multifunctional NCs show amplified synergistic therapeutic effects of tumor SDT and starvation therapy, which can efficiently inhibit the tumor growth.
Keywords: erythrocyte membrane; metal−organic framework; sonodynamic therapy; starvation therapy; synergistic tumor therapy.