Whole-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of rabies viruses from Jordan

PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2021 May 20;15(5):e0009431. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009431. eCollection 2021 May.

Abstract

Human fatalities caused by rabies are rarely reported in Jordan; however, domestic animals are more likely to fall victim to rabies compared to wild animals, at least this is the case in Jordan due to the presence of canine rabies. In this study, twelve brain samples from domestic and wild animals suspected of being infected with rabies virus from different regions of Jordan were collected during 2019. Seven of them tested positive using the fluorescent antibody test and real-time SYBR RT-PCR assay. Five specimens were from stray dogs and two from foxes. The whole genome sequences were obtained from the positive samples. Sequence analysis showed that one dog virus from Al Quwaysimah city located in Amman governorate, was closely related to an Israeli strain belonging to a Cosmopolitan ME1a clade. The genomes of the remaining six viruses (four from dogs and two from foxes) collected from different areas of Jordan were genetically-related to each other and clustered together with sequences from Iran and Turkey; all belong to Cosmopolitan ME2 clade. These sequences were analyzed with six other Jordanian rabies virus nucleoprotein (N) gene sequences available in the public database, five of them belong to ME1a clade and one belongs to ME1b clade. Rabies virus whole genome data is scarce across the Middle East. This study provides a better understanding of the molecular epidemiology of rabies virus in the region.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Brain / virology
  • Dog Diseases / epidemiology*
  • Dog Diseases / virology
  • Dogs
  • Foxes / virology
  • Jordan / epidemiology
  • Molecular Epidemiology
  • Phylogeny
  • Rabies / epidemiology
  • Rabies / veterinary*
  • Rabies virus / classification
  • Rabies virus / genetics*
  • Whole Genome Sequencing

Grants and funding

This work was financially supported by the UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra), Scottish and Welsh Government under grant agreement No. SE0431/SE0433. This study was also supported by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 871029 EVA-GLOBAL. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.