Objective: To review the research progress of intramedullary lengthening nail technology.
Methods: The foreign literature on the development history, types, advantages and disadvantages, indications and contraindications, complications, and effectiveness of intramedullary lengthening nail were reviewed and analyzed.
Results: The intramedullary lengthening nail system mainly includes mechanical type, electric motor drive type, and magnetic drive type. Compared with traditional external fixation and lengthening technology, the intramedullary lengthening nail technology has certain advantages in incidence of complications, bone healing, postoperative functional rehabilitation, incision aesthetics, convenience, and patient satisfaction. However, there are also shortcomings, such as pain, uncontrollable distraction rate, device failure, etc. In the clinical application of intramedullary lengthening nails for limb lengthening, the indications should be grasped reasonably, and the related complications should be prevented and treated.
Conclusion: Intramedullary lengthening nails provide a new option for limb lengthening, and the initial effectiveness is good. It is one of the development direction of limb lengthening technology.
目的: 综述髓内延长钉技术的相关研究进展。.
方法: 查阅国外有关髓内延长钉的发展史、类型和优缺点、适应证和禁忌证、并发症及临床疗效的文献，并进行总结分析。.
结果: 髓内延长钉系统主要包括机械型、电力马达驱动型及磁力驱动型。与传统外固定延长技术相比，该技术在并发症发生率、骨愈合、术后功能康复、切口美观度、便利性及患者满意度等方面具有一定优势；但也存在不足，例如疼痛、牵张率不可控、器械故障等。临床应用髓内延长钉进行肢体延长时，应合理掌握其适应证，预防和治疗相关并发症。.
结论: 髓内延长钉为肢体延长提供了新的选择，初步临床疗效良好，是肢体延长技术的发展方向之一。.
Keywords: Intramedullary lengthening nail; distraction histogenesis; limb lengthening.