To date, there is no FDA-approved chemoprevention approach for tobacco-related HNSCC. Effective chemoprevention approaches validated in sufficiently powered randomized trials are needed to reduce the incidence and improve survival. In this review, we recap the challenges encountered in past chemoprevention trials and discuss emerging approaches, with major focus on green chemoprevention, precision prevention, and immunoprevention. As our current depth of knowledge expands in the arena of cancer immunotherapy, the field of immunoprevention is primed for new discoveries and successes in cancer prevention.
Keywords: Chemoprevention; Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC); Immunoprevention; Smoking.