Rationale: Infants and young children might be particularly likely to experience the potential clinical side effects of inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) on body mass index (BMI), adiposity rebound (AR), and body composition, but this has rarely been studied in long-term studies in this age group. Objectives: To determine the association between ICS exposure in the first 6 years of life and the BMI, AR, body composition, and blood lipid concentrations. Methods: Children from the two mother-child cohorts of the COPSAC (Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood) were included. ICS use was registered prospectively to age 6 years, and the cumulative dose was calculated. Multiple linear regression models were used for analysis. Measurements and Main Results: A total of 932 (84%) of the 1,111 children from the COPSAC cohorts had BMI data, 786 (71%) had dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan data at the age of 6 years, and 815 (73%) had an AR age calculated. Two hundred ninety-one children (31%) received a cumulative ICS dose higher than that from 10 weeks of standard treatment before the age of 6. ICS treatment during 0-6 years of age was associated with an increased BMI z-score (0.05 [95% confidence interval, 0.005 to 0.09] SDs per each year of standard treatment; P = 0.03) an earlier age at AR (-0.18 [95% confidence interval, -0.28 to -0.08] yr; P = 0.0006), and a 2% increased geometric mean android fat percentage (P = 0.05). ICS exposure and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan data were not associated. Conclusions: ICS use in early childhood was associated with an increased BMI z-score at age 6, an earlier AR, and a trend of association with an increased android body fat percentage.
Keywords: adrenal cortex hormones; body composition; body mass index; drug-related side effects and adverse reactions; preschool child.