Microneedles have been developed rapidly in the field of transdermal administration in the past few decades. In recent years, the development of microelectronics technology has expanded the applications of microneedles by combining with microelectronic systems, especially in biological diagnosis and treatment. Different types of microneedles have been designed to extract blood and tissue fluids for detection, or as electrodes to directly detect blood sugar, melanoma and pH in real-time in vivo, both show good prospects for real-time detection applications. In this paper, we review the design of materials and structure of microelectronic-based microneedles, and discuss their advances in biological diagnosis.
微针在过去几十年中发展迅速，在透皮给药等领域已得到了广泛的研究。近些年随着微电子技术的蓬勃兴起，微针在生物诊疗中的应用越来越多的受到人们关注。通过微针提取血液和组织液进行检测分析以及微针作为电极在体液内直接对血糖、黑色素瘤、pH值等进行实时检测方面，都展现出了良好的实时检测应用前景。文中综述了微针的材料与结构设计及其在生物诊疗中的最新研究进展。.
Keywords: microneedle; minimally invasive; painless; real-time detection; wearable device.