AIS-based profiling of fishing vessels falls short as a "proof of concept" for identifying forced labor at sea

Affiliations

• ¹ Marine Affairs Program, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; wilf.swartz@dal.ca.
• ² Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
• ³ Department of Geography, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3X9, Canada.
• ⁴ Department of Computer Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
• ⁵ School of Marine and Environmental Affairs, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105.