Vitamin D composition of Australian foods

Eleanor Dunlop; Anthony P James; Judy Cunningham; Norbert Strobel; Robyn M Lucas; Mairead Kiely; Caryl A Nowson; Anna Rangan; Paul Adorno; Paul Atyeo; Lucinda J Black

doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129836

Vitamin D composition of Australian foods

Food Chem. 2021 Oct 1:358:129836. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129836. Epub 2021 Apr 20.

Authors

Eleanor Dunlop¹, Anthony P James², Judy Cunningham³, Norbert Strobel⁴, Robyn M Lucas⁵, Mairead Kiely⁶, Caryl A Nowson⁷, Anna Rangan⁸, Paul Adorno⁹, Paul Atyeo¹⁰, Lucinda J Black¹¹

Affiliations

¹ Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia. Electronic address: eleanor.dunlop@curtin.edu.au.
² Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia. Electronic address: T.P.James@curtin.edu.au.
³ Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia. Electronic address: judyc121@gmail.com.
⁴ National Measurement Institute, 1/153 Bertie Street, Port Melbourne, VIC 3207, Australia. Electronic address: norbert.strobel@measurement.gov.au.
⁵ National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2600, Australia; Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. Electronic address: robyn.lucas@anu.edu.au.
⁶ Cork Centre for Vitamin D and Nutrition Research, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland. Electronic address: M.Kiely@ucc.ie.
⁷ Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia. Electronic address: caryl.nowson@deakin.edu.au.
⁸ School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia. Electronic address: anna.rangan@sydney.edu.au.
⁹ National Measurement Institute, 1/153 Bertie Street, Port Melbourne, VIC 3207, Australia. Electronic address: Paul.Adorno@measurement.gov.au.
¹⁰ Australian Bureau of Statistics, 45 Benjamin Way, Belconnen, ACT 2617, Australia. Electronic address: paul.atyeo@abs.gov.au.
¹¹ Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia. Electronic address: lucinda.black@curtin.edu.au.

PMID: 33933982
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129836

Abstract

Australia needs accurate vitamin D food composition data to support public health initiatives. Previously, limitations in analytical methodology have precluded development of a comprehensive database. We used liquid chromatography with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC-QQQ) to analyse 149 composite samples representing 98 foods (primary samples n = 896) in duplicate for vitamin D₃, 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃ (25(OH)D₃), vitamin D₂, 25(OH)D₂. The greatest concentrations of vitamin D₃ were found in canned salmon and a malted chocolate drink powder (fortified); chicken eggs and chicken leg meat contained the most 25(OH)D₃. Margarine (fortified) and chocolate contained the greatest concentrations of vitamin D₂, with smaller amounts found in various meat products. 25(OH)D₂ was detected in various foods, including meats, and was quantitated in lamb liver. These data advance knowledge of dietary vitamin D in Australia and highlight the importance of analysis of these four forms of vitamin D to accurately represent the vitamin D content of food.

Keywords: 25-Hydroxyvitamin D; 25-Hydroxyvitamin D(2)/25-hydroxyergocalciferol (PubChem CID5710148); 25-Hydroxyvitamin D(3)/25-hydroxycholecalciferol (PubChem CID5283731); Australia; Diet; Food composition data; LC-QQQ; Vitamin D; Vitamin D(2)/ergocalciferol (PubChem CID5280793); Vitamin D(3)/cholecalciferol (PubChem CID5280795).

MeSH terms

25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2 / analysis
Australia
Calcifediol / analysis
Cholecalciferol / analysis
Chromatography, Liquid
Ergocalciferols / analysis
Food Analysis*
Mass Spectrometry
Vitamin D / analysis*

Substances

Ergocalciferols
Vitamin D
Cholecalciferol
25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2
Calcifediol