The number of thrombophilia investigations has been steadily increasing over the past decade. However, it is debatable to what extent treatment of thromboembolic events is further qualified by thrombophilia investigations. Based of the most recent literature as well as international and national expert opinions, this review provides a status on the frequency and severity of inherited and acquired thrombophilia, discusses indication for thrombophilia assessment, states the analyses to be included in the test panel, and the clinical implications that presence of thrombophilia may have.