Continuous response fluorescence sensor for three small molecules based on nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots from prunus lannesiana and their logic gate operation

Abstract

In this study, an environmentally friendly and water-soluble nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (N-CQDs) with quantum yield (QY) of 8.59% were prepared by one-step hydrothermal synthesis without any chemical reagent using the leaves of prunus lannesiana as precursors. The properties and quality of N-CQDs were investigated by Ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, zeta potential, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy. The fluorescence of the prepared N-CQDs can be quenched by Fe³⁺ through the synergistic effect of the formation of non-fluorescent complex and internal filtration effect (IFE) between Fe³⁺ and N-CQDs. And the quenched fluorescence can be "turned on" after adding ascorbic acid (AA) because Fe³⁺ can be released from the surface of N-CQDs through the redox reaction between AA and Fe³⁺. While the restored fluorescence can be "turned off" again by hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) due to the re-oxidation of Fe²⁺ to Fe³⁺. So, the three inputs "logic gate" is achieved and the "on-off-on-off" continuous response fluorescence sensor is formed, which can be applied for the continuous detection of Fe³⁺, AA and H₂O₂ with the linear range of 40-260 μM, 10-200 μM and 40-140 μM, respectively. Finally, the sensor was successfully applied to determine Fe³⁺, AA and H₂O₂ in real samples with the satisfactory recoveries (95.35%-104.10%) and repeatability (relative standard deviation (RSD) ≤ 1.68%). The continuous response fluorescence sensor prepared by simple green synthesis route has the characteristics of fast response, acceptable sensitivity and good selectivity.

Keywords: Ascorbic acid (AA); Continuous response fluorescence sensor; Fe(3+); Hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)); Logic gate; Nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (N-CQDs).