Autism Spectrum Disorder and Mental Health Problems: Patterns of Difficulties and Longitudinal Trajectories in a Population-Based Twin Sample

J Autism Dev Disord. 2022 Mar;52(3):1077-1091. doi: 10.1007/s10803-021-05006-8. Epub 2021 Apr 17.

Abstract

There is increasing concern regarding additional psychiatric problems that co-occur with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), as reflected in recent changes to diagnostic schemes. However, there remains little research with population-based samples across childhood. We report on additional problems, as measured by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, in a population-based sample of 135 twins with ASD, 55 non-ASD co-twins, and 144 comparison twins low in ASD traits. Frequencies, associated demographic factors, and changes in mental health difficulties from age 4 to 13 years are presented. Our data confirm the high rates of additional difficulties reported in previous studies, and suggest that the profile, associated risk factors and longitudinal course of additional difficulties in ASD may differ from those in typically-developing populations.

Keywords: Adolescents; Autism spectrum disorders; Longitudinal research; Mental health.

Publication types

  • Twin Study

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Autism Spectrum Disorder* / complications
  • Autism Spectrum Disorder* / diagnosis
  • Autism Spectrum Disorder* / epidemiology
  • Child
  • Child, Preschool
  • Diseases in Twins / diagnosis
  • Diseases in Twins / epidemiology
  • Humans
  • Mental Health
  • Phenotype
  • Twins