Development of a multifunctional system based on CoFe2O4@polyacrylic acid NPs conjugated to folic acid and loaded with doxorubicin for cancer theranostics

Abstract

In this work, a multifunctional theranostic nanocomposite based on CoFe₂O₄@polyacrylic acid (PAA)-Folic Acid (FA) Doxorubicin (Dox)_loadNPs was designed for the multifunctional cancer treatment. Several techniques such as TEM, DLS,ζ-potential, vibrating sample magnetometer, XRD, and UV-Vis spectrophotometer were applied for investigating physicochemical properties of the nanosystem. The percentage of the loaded drug, loading efficiency,in vitrorelease (pH 5.4 and 7.4),invitroMRI measurements, and MTT assay (4T1 and 9A9 cell lines) were evaluated. Results showed that the percentage of loaded drug and loading efficiency was 53.33 ± 3.5 and 80.00 ± 5.3%, respectively, showing the system's high ability for Dox encapsulation. Release study showed that Dox loaded in the CoFe₂O₄@PAA-FA(Dox)_loadNPs released faster at pH 5.4 than pH 7.4.In vitro, MRI measurements confirmed that CoFe₂O₄@PAA NPs could be used as a contrast agent in MRI measurements withr₂ = 18.2 mM^-1s^-1. MTT assay demonstrated the biocompatibility of NPs, also showed a more efficient therapeutic effect for CoFe₂O₄@PAA-FA(Dox)_loadNPs than free Dox and CoFe₂O₄@PAA(Dox)_loadNPs.

Keywords: CoFe2O4 nanoparticles; cancer treatment; doxorubicin; pH sensitive polymer; theranostic system.