Identification and quantification of phenolic and fatty acid profiles in Pinus halepensis mill. seeds by LC-ESI-MS and GC: Effect of drying methods on chemical composition

Amani Mahdhi; Hanene Ghazghazi; Meriem El Aloui; Ridha Ben Salem; Ghayth Rigane

doi:10.1002/fsn3.2151

Identification and quantification of phenolic and fatty acid profiles in Pinus halepensis mill. seeds by LC-ESI-MS and GC: Effect of drying methods on chemical composition

Food Sci Nutr. 2021 Feb 25;9(4):1907-1916. doi: 10.1002/fsn3.2151. eCollection 2021 Apr.

Authors

Amani Mahdhi^{1

2}, Hanene Ghazghazi^{1

2}, Meriem El Aloui^{1

2}, Ridha Ben Salem³, Ghayth Rigane^{3

4}

Affiliations

¹ Laboratory of Management and Valorization of Forest Resources LR161INRGREF01 Ariana Tunisia.
² National Institute for Research in Rural Engineering Water and Forest (INRGREF) University of Carthage Tunis Tunisia.
³ Laboratory of Organic Chemistry LR17ES08 Sciences Faculty of Sfax University of Sfax Sfax Tunisia.
⁴ Chemistry-Physics Department, Sciences and Technology Faculty of Sidi Bouzid University of Kairouan Sidi Bouzid Tunisia.

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate Pinus halepensis Mill. seeds oil as well as methanolic-aqueous extract on fatty acid and phenolic's composition as well as antioxidant activities with regard to the cones drying methods: convection and sun methods. The highest amounts of total phenols (14.63 ± 0.05 mg GAE/g DW), flavonoids (3.3 ± 0.02 mg QE/g DW), and condensed tannins (0.36 ± 0.05 mg CE/g DW) were showed in the seeds obtained by sun-dried method. Methanolic-aqueous seeds extracts were subjected to LC-ESI-MS analysis in order to identify and quantify the phenolic composition. This technique allowed us to identify eleven phenolic compounds: two phenolic acids and nine flavonoid compounds such as cirsiliol, catechin (+), luteolin, and luteolin-7-O-glucoside, which were present in the two studied samples while apigenin, naringenin, and cirsilineol were only identified in the extract obtained from sun-drying method seeds. The chemical components of the oils were analyzed using GC, and significant differences were found between the two studied seeds oil (p < .05). Furthermore, the antioxidant activities were investigated using DPPH and ABTS.⁺ assays. The results showed that the methanolic-aqueous extract from seeds dried by sun method had the highest antioxidant activities (0.08 and 0.05 mg/ml, respectively). This study could provide useful information for industry to produce potentially bioactive plant extract.

Keywords: Pinus halepensis; bioactive secondary metabolites; biological activities; fatty acids.