Strong link between coronavirus count and bad air: a case study of India

Sneha Gautam; Cyril Samuel; Alok Sagar Gautam; Sanjeev Kumar

doi:10.1007/s10668-021-01366-4

Strong link between coronavirus count and bad air: a case study of India

Environ Dev Sustain. 2021;23(11):16632-16645. doi: 10.1007/s10668-021-01366-4. Epub 2021 Apr 3.

Authors

Sneha Gautam¹, Cyril Samuel^{1

2}, Alok Sagar Gautam², Sanjeev Kumar²

Affiliations

¹ Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, 641114 Tamil Nadu India.
² Department of Physics, HNB Garhwal University, Srinagar, Garhwal, Uttarakhand India.

Abstract

The present study aims to highlight the contrast relationship between COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease-2019) infections and air pollutants for the Indian region. The COVID-19 data (cumulative, confirmed cases and deaths), air pollutants (PM₁₀, PM_2.5, NO₂ and SO₂) and meteorological data (temperature and relative humidity) were collected from January 2020 to August 2020 for all 28 states and the union territory of India during the pandemic. Now, to understand the relationship between air pollutant concentration, meteorological factor, and COVID-19 cases, the nonparametric Spearman's and Kendall's rank correlation were used. The COVID-19 shows a favourable temperature (0.55-0.79) and humidity (0.14-0.52) over the Indian region. The PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ gave a strong and negative correlation with COVID-19 cases in the range of 0.64-0.98. Similarly, the NO₂ shows a strong and negative correlation in the range of 0.64-0.98. Before the lockdown, the concentration of pollution parameters is high due to the shallow boundary layer height. But after lockdown, the overall reduction was reported up to 33.67% in air quality index (AQI). The background metrological parameters showed a crucial role in the variation of pollutant parameters (SO₂, NO₂, PM₁₀ and PM_2.5) and the COVID-19 infection with the economic aspects. The European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts derived monthly average wind speed was also plotted. It can see that January and February of 2020 show the least variation of air mass in the range of 1-2 m/s. The highest wind speed was reported during July and August 2020. India's western and southern parts experienced an air mass in the range of 4-8 m/s. The precipitation/wet deposition of atmospheric aerosols further improves the AQI over India. According to a study, the impact of relative humidity among all other metrological parameters is positively correlated with Cases and death. Outcomes of the proposed work had the aim of supporting national and state governance for healthcare policymakers.

Keywords: Air pollutants; COVID-19; Chronic exposure; India; Meteorological factor.