Suspension torture and its physical sequelae

J Forensic Leg Med. 2021 May:80:102155. doi: 10.1016/j.jflm.2021.102155. Epub 2021 Apr 1.

Abstract

Suspension torture is one of the most common and widespread methods of torture. The objective of the study is to conduct a systematic literature review and produce an overview of suspension torture and its health implications, thus improving the diagnosis of suspension torture victims and documentation of their injuries. The review includes the prevalence, geographical distribution and description of variations of suspension torture. Physical sequelae like nerve injuries, e.g. brachial plexus injuries, scars, joint dislocation and possible causes of death will be described in detail. The results of the review are discussed resulting in recommendations on torture identification and documentation practices and possible future research questions.

Keywords: Palestinian hanging; Physical sequelae; Suspension torture; Torture; Torture documentation.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Alopecia / etiology
  • Arrhythmias, Cardiac / etiology
  • Asphyxia / etiology
  • Blood Vessels / injuries
  • Cicatrix / etiology
  • Forensic Medicine
  • Humans
  • Joint Dislocations / etiology
  • Ligaments / injuries
  • Musculoskeletal Diseases / etiology
  • Pain / etiology
  • Peripheral Nerve Injuries / etiology
  • Rhabdomyolysis / etiology
  • Shock, Hemorrhagic / etiology
  • Thromboembolism / etiology
  • Torture*
  • Unconsciousness / etiology