Resistance to insect growth regulators and age-stage, two-sex life table in Musca domestica from different dairy facilities

PLoS One. 2021 Apr 8;16(4):e0248693. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248693. eCollection 2021.

Abstract

Among the vectorial insect pests, the domestic house fly (Musca domestica L., Diptera: Muscidae) is a ubiquitous livestock pest with the ability to develop resistance and adapt to diverse climates. Successful management of the house fly in various locations requires information about its resistance development and life table features. The status of insect growth regulators resistance and life table features on the basis of age, stage, and two sexes of the house fly from five different geographical locations of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: Dirab, Al-Masanie, Al-Washlah, Al-Uraija and Al-Muzahmiya were therefore investigated. The range of resistance levels were 3.77-8.03-fold for methoxyfenozide, 5.50-29.75 for pyriproxyfen, 0.59-2.91-fold for cyromazine, 9.33-28.67-fold for diflubenzuron, and 1.63-8.25-fold for triflumuron in five populations of house fly compared with the susceptible strain. Analysis of life history parameters-such as survival rate, larval duration, pupal duration, pre-female duration, pre-male duration, adult and total pre-oviposition periods, longevity of male, oviposition period, female ratio, and fecundity female-1-revealed significant variations among the field populations. Additionally, demographic features-including the generation time, the finite and intrinsic rates of increase, doubling time, and net reproductive rate-varied significantly among the field populations. These results will be helpful in planning the management of the house fly in geographically isolated dairies in Saudi Arabia.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Female
  • Houseflies / growth & development*
  • Insect Vectors / growth & development*
  • Insecticide Resistance*
  • Insecticides / pharmacology*
  • Juvenile Hormones / pharmacology*
  • Male
  • Pupa / growth & development

Substances

  • Insecticides
  • Juvenile Hormones

Grants and funding

The authors extend their appreciation to the Deputyship for Research & Innovation, “Ministry of Education” in Saudi Arabia for funding this research work through the project number IFKSURG-1442-480. The funders had no role in study design, data collection, and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.