Irreversible electroporation (IRE) in renal cell carcinoma (RCC): a mid-term clinical experience

Tze Min Wah; James Lenton; Jonathan Smith; Paul Bassett; Satinder Jagdev; Christy Ralph; Naveen Vasudev; Selina Bhattarai; Michael Kimuli; Jon Cartledge

doi:10.1007/s00330-021-07846-5

Irreversible electroporation (IRE) in renal cell carcinoma (RCC): a mid-term clinical experience

Eur Radiol. 2021 Oct;31(10):7491-7499. doi: 10.1007/s00330-021-07846-5. Epub 2021 Mar 30.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Institute of Oncology, St. James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK. tze.wah@nhs.net.
² Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Institute of Oncology, St. James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK.
³ Statsconsultancy Ltd., 40 Longwood Lane, Amersham, Bucks, HP7 9EN, UK.
⁴ Division of Medical Oncology, Institute of Oncology, St. James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK.
⁵ Division of Pathology, Institute of Oncology, St. James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK.
⁶ Division of Urology, Institute of Oncology, St. James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK.

Abstract

Objectives: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of CT-guided IRE of clinical T1a (cT1a) renal tumours close to vital structures and to assess factors that may influence the technical success and early oncological durability.

Methods: CT-guided IRE (2015-2020) was prospectively evaluated. Patients' demographics, technical details/success, Clavien-Dindo (CD) classification of complications (I-V) and oncological outcome were collated. Statistical analysis was performed to determine variables associated with complications. The overall 2- and 3-year cancer-specific (CS), local recurrence-free (LRF) and metastasis-free (MF) survival rates are presented using the Kaplan-Meier curves.

Results: Thirty cT1a RCCs (biopsy-proven/known VHL disease) in 26 patients (age 32-81 years) were treated with IRE. The mean tumour size was 2.5 cm and the median follow-up was 37 months. The primary technical success rate was 73.3%, where 22 RCCs were completely IRE ablated. Seven residual diseases were successfully ablated with cryoablation, achieving an overall technical success rate of 97%. One patient did not have repeat treatment as he died from unexpected stroke at 4-month post-IRE. One patient had CD-III complication with a proximal ureteric injury. Five patients developed > 25% reduction of eGFR immediately post-IRE. All patients have preservation of renal function without the requirement for renal dialysis. The overall 2- and 3-year CS, LRF and MF survival rates are 89%, 96%, 91% and 87%.

Conclusion: CT-guided IRE in cT1a RCC is safe with acceptable complications. The primary technical success rate was suboptimal due to the early operator's learning curve, and long-term follow-up is required to validate the IRE oncological durability.

Key points: • Irreversible electroporation should only be considered when surgery or image-guided thermal ablation is not an option for small renal cancer. • This non-thermal technique is safe in the treatment of small renal cancer and the primary technical success rate was 73.3%. • This can be used when renal cancer is close to important structure.

Keywords: Complication; Electroporation; Renal cancer; Safety; Survival rates.

MeSH terms

Ablation Techniques*
Adult
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Carcinoma, Renal Cell* / surgery
Electroporation
Humans
Kidney Neoplasms* / diagnostic imaging
Kidney Neoplasms* / surgery
Male
Middle Aged
Neoplasm Recurrence, Local
Treatment Outcome