Identification of risk factors for renal failure after cardiac surgery by RFILE classification

Thomas Wittlinger; Martin Maus; Ingo Kutschka; Hassina Baraki; Martin G Friedrich

Identification of risk factors for renal failure after cardiac surgery by RFILE classification

Am J Cardiovasc Dis. 2021 Feb 15;11(1):155-163. eCollection 2021.

Authors

Thomas Wittlinger¹, Martin Maus², Ingo Kutschka³, Hassina Baraki³, Martin G Friedrich³

Affiliations

¹ Department of Cardiology, Asklepios Harzklinikum. Köslinerstr 12 38642 Goslar, Germany.
² Department Major Surgery, St. Elisabeth Hospital Bonn, Germany.
³ Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Göttingen Germany.

PMID: 33815931
PMCID: PMC8012284

Abstract

Objective: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major complication after cardiovascular surgery. The unclear etiology of this highly complex event challenges definition, diagnosis and prediction of AKI, and hence hampers adequate patient management. Identification of associated risk factors have the potential to overcome this limitation.

Methods: This retrospective study comprised 3574 patients who underwent cardiac surgery in a hospital in Germany. The patient cohort was interrogated for risk factors for AKI.

Results: The analysis identified risk factors for AKI development, such as type of surgery (particularly bypass surgery) (P = 0.02), previous coronary surgeries (P < 0.01), the application of intra-aortic balloon pump in surgery (P < 0.01), and blood loss during surgery (P < 0.01). In addition, old age, duration of surgery as well as ischemia, perfusion and reperfusion times contributed to AKI development (P < 0.01). Further, perioperative hypothermia also appeared as putative risk factor in the analysis (P < 0.01).

Conclusions: This study identified several risk factors for the development of AKI after cardiac surgery. Further validation of these risk factors could allow the implementation of adequate patient management, and the appropriate implementation of risk-adverse interventions in cardiovascular surgery.

Keywords: AKIN category; Acute kidney injury; KDIGO criteria; RIFLE classification; cardiac surgery; continuous veno-venous hemodialysis; extracorporeal circulation; risk factors.