As physical activity contributes to quality of life and health, we evaluated its association, as measured by the Global physical activity (GPAQ) questionnaire, on the quality of life (QoL) and serum glucose and cholesterol levels of patients with congenital heart disease (CHD). This cross-sectional study was carried out in 200 adult patients with CHD (17 to 58 years old), of whom 45 had simple defects, 122 moderate defects and 33 great anatomical complexity defects. Physiological complexity was defined as stage A in 74 patients, stage B in 29, stage C in 86 and stage D in 11. The energy expenditure was below 600 Metabolic Equivalent of Task (MET)-minutes per week in 56 (28%) patients, while 144 (72%) were above 600 MET-minutes per week. Physically inactive patients with CHD were significantly more dyslipidemic than active ones, but no significant differences in serum glucose and cholesterol levels were observed. Logistic regression analysis showed that physical activity was associated with a better QoL rating [0.28 (0.10-0.17), P=0.014] and health satisfaction [0.24 (0.09-0.62), P=0.003]. Physically active patients with CHD scored 7.7 and 8.9 points higher, on a 100-point scale, in the physical and social relationships domains respectively, than physically inactive ones. No significant differences were seen in the psychological and the environment domains associated with physical activity. Additionally, a worse New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class (≥ 2) was identified as a risk factor for dissatisfaction with health [OR 7.48, 95% CI (1.55-47.14), P=0.020], having a significantly negative impact of 8.5 and 7.6, on a 100-point scale, in the physical and psychological domains respectively. In conclusion, physically active patients with CHD had a better QoL assessment, were more satisfied with their health and scored higher in the physical and social relationships domains.
Keywords: Congenital heart disease; environment; physical activity; psychological; quality of life; social relationship.
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