Neuroendocrine Peptides of the Gut and Their Role in the Regulation of Food Intake

Compr Physiol. 2021 Apr 1;11(2):1679-1730. doi: 10.1002/cphy.c200007.

Abstract

The regulation of food intake encompasses complex interplays between the gut and the brain. Among them, the gastrointestinal tract releases different peptides that communicate the metabolic state to specific nuclei in the hindbrain and the hypothalamus. The present overview gives emphasis on seven peptides that are produced by and secreted from specialized enteroendocrine cells along the gastrointestinal tract in relation with the nutritional status. These established modulators of feeding are ghrelin and nesfatin-1 secreted from gastric X/A-like cells, cholecystokinin (CCK) secreted from duodenal I-cells, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), oxyntomodulin, and peptide YY (PYY) secreted from intestinal L-cells and uroguanylin (UGN) released from enterochromaffin (EC) cells. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 11:1679-1730, 2021.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Cholecystokinin*
  • Eating
  • Glucagon-Like Peptide 1
  • Oxyntomodulin
  • Peptide YY*

Substances

  • Oxyntomodulin
  • Peptide YY
  • Glucagon-Like Peptide 1
  • Cholecystokinin