The role of lesion hypointensity on gadobenate dimeglumine-enhanced hepatobiliary phase MRI as an additional major imaging feature for HCC classification using LI-RADS v2018 criteria

Abstract

Objectives: To determine the value of lesion hypointensity in the hepatobiliary phase (HBP) on gadobenate dimeglumine-enhanced MRI as an additional major imaging feature for diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using LI-RADS v2018 criteria.

Methods: Between March 2016 and August 2018, 235 patients with 250 hepatic nodules at high risk of HCC underwent gadobenate dimeglumine-enhanced MRI. Two radiologists independently evaluated the imaging features and classified the nodules based on LI-RADS v2018 criteria, and their consensus data were used to calculate the diagnostic performance of LI-RADS categories. Two modified LI-RADS definitions were as follows: (1) LI-RADS-m1: HBP hypointensity as an additional major feature; (2) LI-RADS-m2: HBP hypointensity as an alternative to "enhancing capsule" as an additional major feature. The diagnostic performance of LR-5 categories was compared using McNemar's test.

Results: The sensitivity and specificity for LR-5 classification using original LI-RADS v2018 criteria were 78.1% and 96.3%, respectively. Significantly improved sensitivity (82.7%; p = 0.004) with unchanged specificity (96.3%; p = 1.00) was seen for LR-5 classification using LI-RADS-m1. Similar sensitivity and specificity (82.7% and 96.3%, respectively) were also seen using LI-RADS-m2. Significantly improved sensitivity (79.5% vs. 64.0%; p = 0.031) with unchanged specificity (96.2% vs. 96.2%, p = 1.00) was seen using both LI-RADS-m1 and LI-RADS-m2 compared to the original LI-RADS v2018 for 39 HCC nodules measuring 10-19 mm.

Conclusions: Lesion hypointensity on gadobenate dimeglumine-enhanced HBP MRI may improve sensitivity for LR-5 classification beyond that achievable using conventional LI-RADS v2018 criteria. Lesion hypointensity may prove a suitable alternative imaging feature to enhancing capsule for accurate LR-5 classification.

Key points: • Including lesion hypointensity in the HBP as an additional major feature improved sensitivity for LR-5 classification on gadobenate dimeglumine-enhanced MRI. • Lesion hypointensity in the HBP can replace "enhancing capsule" as an additional major feature for LR-5 classification without impairing specificity.

Keywords: Carcinoma, hepatocellular (HCC); Gadobenic acid; Liver neoplasms; Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).