Oxidative stress cytotoxicity induced by platinum-doped magnesia nanoparticles in cancer cells

Mohamed Qasim Al-Fahdawi; Faris A J Al-Doghachi; Qasim Khlaif Abdullah; Ruaa Tareq Hammad; Abdullah Rasedee; Wisam Nabeel Ibrahim; Hussah Abdullah Alshwyeh; Areej A Alosaimi; Sahar Khamees Aldosary; Eltayeb E M Eid; Rozita Rosli; Y H Taufiq-Yap; Nagi A Al-Haj; Mothanna Sadiq Al-Qubaisi

doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111483

Oxidative stress cytotoxicity induced by platinum-doped magnesia nanoparticles in cancer cells

Biomed Pharmacother. 2021 Jun:138:111483. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111483. Epub 2021 Mar 18.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
² Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Basra 61004, Basra, Iraq.
³ DCH/Pediatric Department, Ramadi Teaching Hospital for Gynecology and Childhood, University of Anbar, Ramadi, Iraq.
⁴ Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; University of Anbar, Ramadi, Iraq.
⁵ Department of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. Electronic address: rasedee@upm.edu.my.
⁶ Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar. Electronic address: w.ibrahim@qu.edu.qa.
⁷ Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), Dammam 31441-1982, Saudi Arabia.
⁸ Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: eem.eid@qu.edu.sa.
⁹ Catalysis Science and Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Science; Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88300 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.
¹⁰ Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sana'a University, Yemen.

PMID: 33744756
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111483

Abstract

The aim of this study was to prepare, characterize, and determine the in vitro anticancer effects of platinum-doped magnesia (Pt/MgO) nanoparticles. The chemical compositions, functional groups, and size of nanoparticles were determined using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Pt/MgO nanoparticles were cuboid and in the nanosize range of 30-50 nm. The cytotoxicity of Pt/MgO nanoparticles was determined via the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay on the human lung and colonic cancer cells (A549 and HT29 respectively) and normal human lung and colonic fibroblasts cells (MRC-5 and CCD-18Co repectively). The Pt/MgO nanoparticles were relatively innocuous to normal cells. Pt/MgO nanoparticles downregulated Bcl-2 and upregulated Bax and p53 tumor suppressor proteins in the cancer cells. Pt/MgO nanoparticles also induced production of reactive oxygen species, decreased cellular glutathione level, and increased lipid peroxidation. Thus, the anticancer effects of Pt/MgO nanoparticles were attributed to the induction of oxidative stress and apoptosis. The study showed the potential of Pt/MgO nanoparticles as an anti-cancer compound.

Keywords: Apoptosis; Colonic cancer; Cytotoxicity; Lipid peroxidation; Lung cancer; Oxidative stress; Pt/MgO nanoparticles.

MeSH terms

A549 Cells
Cell Line, Tumor
Cell Survival / drug effects
Cell Survival / physiology
Cytotoxins / toxicity*
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
HT29 Cells
Humans
Inflammation Mediators / metabolism
Magnesium Oxide / toxicity*
Metal Nanoparticles / toxicity*
Oxidative Stress / drug effects*
Oxidative Stress / physiology
Platinum / toxicity*

Substances

Cytotoxins
Inflammation Mediators
Magnesium Oxide
Platinum