Genotypic differences relative photochemical activity, inorganic and organic solutes and yield performance in clones of the forage cactus under semi-arid environment

Alexandre Maniçoba da Rosa Ferraz Jardim; Hugo Rafael Bentzen Santos; Hygor Kristoph Muniz Nunes Alves; Sérgio Luiz Ferreira-Silva; Luciana Sandra Bastos de Souza; George do Nascimento Araújo Júnior; Marcondes de Sá Souza; Gherman Garcia Leal de Araújo; Carlos André Alves de Souza; Thieres George Freire da Silva

doi:10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.03.011

Genotypic differences relative photochemical activity, inorganic and organic solutes and yield performance in clones of the forage cactus under semi-arid environment

Plant Physiol Biochem. 2021 May:162:421-430. doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.03.011. Epub 2021 Mar 11.

Affiliations

¹ Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manoel de Medeiros avenue, s/n, 52171-900, Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Plant Production, Academic Unit of Serra Talhada, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Gregório Ferraz Nogueira avenue, s/n, 56909-535, Serra Talhada, Pernambuco, Brazil. Electronic address: alexandremrfj@gmail.com.
² Postgraduate Program in Plant Production, Academic Unit of Serra Talhada, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Gregório Ferraz Nogueira avenue, s/n, 56909-535, Serra Talhada, Pernambuco, Brazil. Electronic address: hugobentzen@hotmail.com.
³ Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manoel de Medeiros avenue, s/n, 52171-900, Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. Electronic address: hygorkristoph22@gmail.com.
⁴ Postgraduate Program in Plant Production, Academic Unit of Serra Talhada, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Gregório Ferraz Nogueira avenue, s/n, 56909-535, Serra Talhada, Pernambuco, Brazil. Electronic address: sergio.luiz@ufrpe.br.
⁵ Postgraduate Program in Plant Production, Academic Unit of Serra Talhada, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Gregório Ferraz Nogueira avenue, s/n, 56909-535, Serra Talhada, Pernambuco, Brazil. Electronic address: sanddrabastos@yahoo.com.br.
⁶ Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manoel de Medeiros avenue, s/n, 52171-900, Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. Electronic address: georgearaujo.agro@gmail.com.
⁷ Department of Agronomy, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manoel de Medeiros avenue, s/n, 52171-900, Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. Electronic address: marcondes.sa33@gmail.com.
⁸ Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, EMBRAPA Semiarid, Highway BR-428, Km 152, s/n, Countryside, 56302-970, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil. Electronic address: gherman.araujo@embrapa.br.
⁹ Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manoel de Medeiros avenue, s/n, 52171-900, Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. Electronic address: carlosandre08_@msn.com.
¹⁰ Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manoel de Medeiros avenue, s/n, 52171-900, Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Plant Production, Academic Unit of Serra Talhada, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Gregório Ferraz Nogueira avenue, s/n, 56909-535, Serra Talhada, Pernambuco, Brazil. Electronic address: thieres.silva@ufrpe.br.

PMID: 33740681
DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.03.011

Abstract

Plants with the crassulacean acid metabolism commonly present good adaptation to arid and semi-arid environments, but it highly depends on the type of species. In this study, chlorophyll fluorescence, the concentration of inorganic and organic solutes and the productive performance were evaluated along with their relationships in different clones of the genera Opuntia and Nopalea. The experiment was conducted from 2016 to 2018. Four clones of genus Opuntia were evaluated: 'Orelha de Elefante Mexicana' (OEM), 'Orelha de Elefante Africana' (OEA), V19 and F8; and two clones of genus Nopalea: 'IPA Sertânia' and 'Miúda'. The experiment was arranged in a randomised block design, with six treatments and three replications. The following parameters were measured when harvesting: initial, maximum and variable fluorescence; the quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm); light-induction curves of the photochemical parameters (ΔF/Fm', qP, NPQ and ETR); the chlorophyll and carotenoid content; carbohydrates; the sodium (Na⁺) and potassium (K⁺) content; morphometry; and dry matter accumulation. The values for the effective quantum yield of PSII (ΔF/Fm') and the alterations in photochemical quenching were higher in the OEM clone (P < 0.05). There was a difference between clones for non-photochemical quenching, with the F8 clone having the highest values. The Fv/Fm was 0.87 for the OEM. 'IPA Sertânia' obtained the greatest Chl a/b, and the highest values for carbohydrate concentration were found in the OEA clone. The OEM clone showed the greatest accumulation of K⁺, in addition to a higher cladode area index and greater dry matter accumulation. The results of this study show the high physiological tolerance of the forage cactus to a semi-arid environment, which varies according to the clone.

Keywords: Agronomic characteristics; Carbohydrates; Chlorophyll; Nopalea; Opuntia.

MeSH terms

Acclimatization
Cactaceae* / genetics
Chlorophyll
Clone Cells
Fluorescence
Photosynthesis
Photosystem II Protein Complex
Plant Leaves

Substances

Photosystem II Protein Complex
Chlorophyll