N-(3-{4-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]piperazin-1-yl}propyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide (D2AAK3) as a potential antipsychotic: In vitro, in silico and in vivo evaluation of a multi-target ligand

Abstract

Schizophrenia is a mental illness of not adequately understood causes that is not satisfactorily enough treated by current antipsychotics. In search for novel potential antipsychotics we performed structure-based virtual screening aimed to identify new dopamine D₂ receptor antagonists. We found compound D2AAK3 with affinity to dopamine D₂ receptor of 115 nM. D2AAK3 possesses additional nanomolar or low micromolar affinity to D₁, D₃, 5-HT_1A, 5-HT_2A and 5-HT₇ receptors, which makes it a good hit for further development as a multifunctional ligand. The compound has also some affinity to M₁ and H₁ receptors. We used homology modeling, molecular docking and molecular dynamics to study interactions of D2AAK3 with its molecular targets at the molecular level. In behavioral studies D2AAK3 decreases amphetamine-induced hyperactivity (when compared to the amphetamine-treated group) measured as spontaneous locomotor activity in mice. In addition, passive avoidance test demonstrated that D2AAK3 improves memory consolidation after acute treatment in mice. Elevated plus maze tests indicated that D2AAK3 induces anxiogenic activity 30 min after acute treatment, whereas this effect has no longer been observed 60 min after administration of the studied compound in mice.

Keywords: Antipsychotics; Central nervous system diseases; Dopamine receptors; G protein coupled receptors; Schizophrenia; Serotonin receptors.