Background: This study was designed to investigate bone marrow mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (BM-MSCs) and cobalt protoporphyrin (CoPP) curable effects on HCl-induced acute lung injury (ALI) and its underlying mechanisms hoping this might aid to offer a therapeutic opportunity for ALI.
Results: Forty male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly allocated into four groups; normal (normal rats), ALI (rats injected with 2 ml hydrochloric acid (HCl)/kg via trachea), ALI + BM-MSCs (ALI rats intravenously injected twice with 1 × 106 BM-MSCs/rat/week), and ALI + CoPP (ALI rats intraperitoneally injected twice with CoPP (0.5 mg/100 g/week)). White blood cells (WBCs), red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin (Hb), serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), lung histopathology, apoptosis markers (caspase-3 and Bcl2), and oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT)) were measured. ALI caused increases in WBCs, TNF-α, caspase-3, and MDA, and morphological damage score of lungs with decreases in RBCs, Hb, Bcl2, SOD, and CAT (p < 0.05). BM-MSCs or CoPP treatment reversed these ALI-induced changes (p < 0.05) towards normal.
Conclusions: BM-MSCs and CoPP could attenuate ALI by modulation of inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Curative roles of BM-MSCs were more effective than those of CoPP. This highlights BM-MSCs as a potent therapy for HCl-associated ALI.
Keywords: Apoptosis; COVID-19; Inflammation; Lung injury; Oxidative stress.