Background: Bupivacaine blocks many ion channels in the heart muscle, causing severe cardiotoxicity. Small-conductance calcium-activated potassium type 2 channels (SK2 channels) are widely distributed in the heart cells and are involved in relevant physiological functions. However, whether bupivacaine can inhibit SK2 channels is still unclear. This study investigated the effect of bupivacaine on SK2 channels.
Methods: The SK2 channel gene was transfected into human embryonic kidney 293 cells (HEK-293 cells) with Lipofectamine 2000. The whole-cell patch-clamp technique was used to examine the effect of bupivacaine on SK2 channels. The concentration-response relationship of bupivacaine for inhibiting SK2 currents (0 mV) was fitted to a Hill equation, and the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value was determined.
Results: Bupivacaine inhibited the SK2 channels reversibly in a dose-dependent manner. The IC50 value of bupivacaine, ropivacaine, and lidocaine on SK2 currents was 16.5, 46.5, and 77.8µM, respectively. The degree of SK2 current inhibition by bupivacaine depended on the intracellular concentration of free calcium.
Conclusions: The results of this study suggested the inhibitory effect of bupivacaine on SK2 channels. Future studies should explore the effects of SK2 on bupivacaine cardiotoxicity.
Keywords: Bupivacaine; Cardiotoxicity; HEK293 cells; Inhibition; SK2 channel.