Assessment of epiretinal membrane formation using en face optical coherence tomography after rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repair

Abstract

Purpose: To investigate epiretinal membrane (ERM) formation using en face optical coherence tomography (OCT) after vitrectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD).

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 64 consecutive eyes (64 patients) with RRD treated by vitrectomy without ERM and internal limiting membrane peeling. ERMs and retinal folds were detected by B-scan and en face imaging. The maximum depth of retinal folds (MDRF) was quantified using en face imaging. ERM severity was staged using B-scan imaging. Main outcome measures were ERM detection rate with B-scan and en face imaging, MDRF, ERM staging, postoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA; logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution), and risk factors for ERM formation.

Results: The detection rate for ERM formation was significantly higher with en face imaging (70.3%) than with B-scan imaging (46.9%; P = 0.007). There was no significant difference in postoperative BCVA between eyes with ERM formation (0.06 ± 0.26) and those without ERM formation (0.01 ± 0.14; P = 0.298). Forty of 45 (88.9%) eyes with ERM formation were classified as stage 1. Twenty-seven of 45 (60.0%) eyes with ERM formation developed parafoveal retinal folds. The mean MDRF was 27.4 ± 32.2 μm. Multiple retinal breaks and a maximum retinal break size of ≥ 2 disc diameters were significantly associated with ERM formation (P = 0.033 and P = 0.031, respectively).

Conclusion: Although ERM formation was observed in 70.3% patients after RRD repair, the formed ERM was not severe and had minimal impact on the postoperative visual acuity.

Keywords: En face optical coherence tomography; Epiretinal membrane; Internal limiting membrane; Retinal folds; Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment; Vitrectomy.