Calcium calmodulin kinase II activity is required for cartilage homeostasis in osteoarthritis

Sci Rep. 2021 Mar 11;11(1):5682. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-82067-w.

Abstract

WNT ligands can activate several signalling cascades of pivotal importance during development and regenerative processes. Their de-regulation has been associated with the onset of different diseases. Here we investigated the role of the WNT/Calcium Calmodulin Kinase II (CaMKII) pathway in osteoarthritis. We identified Heme Oxygenase I (HMOX1) and Sox-9 as specific markers of the WNT/CaMKII signalling in articular chondrocytes through a microarray analysis. We showed that the expression of the activated form of CaMKII, phospho-CaMKII, was increased in human and murine osteoarthritis and the expression of HMOX1 was accordingly reduced, demonstrating the activation of the pathway during disease progression. To elucidate its function, we administered the CaMKII inhibitor KN93 to mice in which osteoarthritis was induced by resection of the anterior horn of the medial meniscus and of the medial collateral ligament in the knee joint. Pharmacological blockade of CaMKII exacerbated cartilage damage and bone remodelling. Finally, we showed that CaMKII inhibition in articular chondrocytes upregulated the expression of matrix remodelling enzymes alone and in combination with Interleukin 1. These results suggest an important homeostatic role of the WNT/CaMKII signalling in osteoarthritis which could be exploited in the future for therapeutic purposes.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Animals
  • Bone Remodeling
  • Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2 / antagonists & inhibitors
  • Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2 / genetics
  • Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2 / metabolism*
  • Cartilage, Articular / enzymology*
  • Cartilage, Articular / pathology*
  • Cattle
  • Chondrocytes / metabolism
  • Chondrocytes / pathology
  • Disease Models, Animal
  • Female
  • Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
  • Heme Oxygenase-1 / genetics
  • Heme Oxygenase-1 / metabolism
  • Homeostasis*
  • Humans
  • Interleukin-1beta / metabolism
  • Male
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred C57BL
  • Middle Aged
  • Models, Biological
  • Osteoarthritis / enzymology*
  • Osteoarthritis / genetics
  • Osteoarthritis / pathology*
  • Protein Isoforms / antagonists & inhibitors
  • Protein Isoforms / genetics
  • Protein Isoforms / metabolism
  • Transcriptome / genetics
  • Up-Regulation
  • Wnt3 Protein / metabolism

Substances

  • Interleukin-1beta
  • Protein Isoforms
  • Wnt3 Protein
  • HMOX1 protein, human
  • Heme Oxygenase-1
  • Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2