Bioconjugate synthesis, phytochemical analysis, and optical activity of NiFe2O4 nanoparticles for the removal of ciprofloxacin and Congo red from water

Muhammad Babar Taj; Muneera D F Alkahtani; Ahmad Raheel; Saima Shabbir; Rida Fatima; Sadia Aroob; Rana Yahya; Walla Alelwani; Nadiyah Alahmadi; Matokah Abualnaja; Sadia Noor; Raja Hammad Ahmad; Heba Alshater

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-84983-3

Bioconjugate synthesis, phytochemical analysis, and optical activity of NiFe₂O₄ nanoparticles for the removal of ciprofloxacin and Congo red from water

Sci Rep. 2021 Mar 8;11(1):5439. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-84983-3.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Chemistry, Islamia University Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan. dr.taj@iub.edu.pk.
² Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, 11657, Saudi Arabia. mdf.alkahtani@gmail.com.
³ Department of Chemistry, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
⁴ Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Space Technology, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
⁵ Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
⁶ Department of Chemistry, Islamia University Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan.
⁷ Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
⁸ Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
⁹ Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
¹⁰ Department of Nano Science and Technology, National Centre for Physics, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan. rhahmadatncp@gmail.com.
¹¹ Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Elmenoufia University, Al Minufya, 32511, Egypt.

Abstract

In this paper, Jr.NiFe₂O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized first time using the leaves extract of Juglans regia via a straightforward process. The physio and phytochemical analysis of plant confirm the presence of macromolecules which function as bio-reductant and stabilize the nanoparticles. The Jr.NiFe₂O₄ NPs were characterized by UV-visible, FTIR spectroscopy, PXRD pattern, SEM and TGA/DTA analysis. The nanoparticles proved to be optically active having a value of indirect bandgap of energy in the range of 1.53 eV. The Jr.NiFe₂O₄ NPs have the ability in scavenging 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl hydrate (DPPH) free radicals and showed 58.01% ± 1.2% scavenging activity at 100 µg/mL concentrations. The photocatalytic degradation study of ciprofloxacin (CIP) and Congo red (CR) reveals that the highest degradation rate was acquired for CIP using pH = 3, at 254 nm, while 85% of removal rate was analysed for CR. The kinetic studies in case of CR removal followed pseudo-first-order model with thermodynamic parameters (∆G° = - 5.87 kJ mol^-1 K, ΔH° = 1393.50 kJ mol^-1 and ΔS° = 22.537 kJ mol^-1 K) with error analysis. Overall, these data recommend an innovative inspiring application of a plant-mediated synthesis of Jr.NiFe₂O₄ NPs.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't