•We can "know" good data as true, but we cannot accept as fact interpretations of those data.•Example: the assumption that both NREM and REM sleep are functional responses to prior wake,•And, their cycling is controlled by a fixed period oscillator.•Further research shows NREM and REM sleep are in a homeostatic relationship.•Questioning interpretations can lead to valuable new research.
Keywords: NREM; REM; REM deprivation; Sleep cycle.
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