Comparison between Branded and Generic Furosemide 40 mg Tablets Using Thermal Gravimetric Analysis and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

Mosab Arafat; Khairi M Fahelelbom; Muhammad K Sarfraz; Mohammad F Bostanudin; Qurat-Ul-Ain Sharif; Anna Esmaeil; Othman A Al Hanbali; Salahdein Aburuz

doi:10.4103/jpbs.JPBS_365_19

Comparison between Branded and Generic Furosemide 40 mg Tablets Using Thermal Gravimetric Analysis and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2020 Oct-Dec;12(4):489-498. doi: 10.4103/jpbs.JPBS_365_19. Epub 2020 Oct 8.

Authors

Mosab Arafat¹, Khairi M Fahelelbom¹, Muhammad K Sarfraz¹, Mohammad F Bostanudin¹, Qurat-Ul-Ain Sharif¹, Anna Esmaeil¹, Othman A Al Hanbali², Salahdein Aburuz^{3

4}

Affiliations

¹ College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
² Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
³ College of Medicine and Health Sciences, The United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE.
⁴ Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.

Abstract

Background and purpose: There has been a long-standing belief that generic drugs are of lower value in comparison to their branded name counterparts. They are in particular under scrutiny due to their low market price. Even though the reduction in costs is largely based on skipping expensive preclinical studies and clinical trials for generic drugs, the purity and quality of the raw materials in the production of generic drugs is debatable. Thus, the objective of the study was to analyze and assess the quality comparability of generic furosemide 40 mg (FSD) tablets to branded product available in the market.

Materials and methods: Quality control tests, in vitro drug release assessments, and thermal analysis investigations for both analog products of FSD were performed. Various physical parameters related to the tablet quality, such as hardness, weight variation, and friability tests, were examined. In vitro drug release behavior evaluations were conducted according to United States Pharmacopeia (USP) specifications and guidelines, whereas thermal analysis was carried out using thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and tablets were further evaluated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy.

Results: The results indicated a significant variation between the two products in terms of hardness, weight variation, and friability. This could be correlated to variation appeared in thermal and spectroscopic spectra between the two products using TGA and FTIR. Drug release of FSD was slightly different between both products following incubation in different pH media (1.2, 3.0, and 6.5; 120 min), however, this was in accordance with USP dissolution requirements as < 80% of drug release was obtained within the first 30 min from each product.

Conclusion: This study is a useful example for the independent investigations using thermal and spectroscopic analysis to confirm potential hidden variations between generic and branded products that could not be obtained by the bioequivalence studies.

Keywords: Dissolution test; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; furosemide; quality control test; thermal analysis; thermal gravimetric analysis.