An ultrasensitive heart-failure BNP biosensor using B/N co-doped graphene oxide gel FET

I Novodchuk; M Kayaharman; I R Ausri; R Karimi; X S Tang; I A Goldthorpe; E Abdel-Rahman; J Sanderson; M Bajcsy; M Yavuz

doi:10.1016/j.bios.2021.113114

An ultrasensitive heart-failure BNP biosensor using B/N co-doped graphene oxide gel FET

Biosens Bioelectron. 2021 May 15:180:113114. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113114. Epub 2021 Feb 26.

Authors

I Novodchuk¹, M Kayaharman², I R Ausri³, R Karimi⁴, X S Tang³, I A Goldthorpe², E Abdel-Rahman⁵, J Sanderson⁴, M Bajcsy⁶, M Yavuz⁷

Affiliations

¹ Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada; Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology (WIN), University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada. Electronic address: inovodch@uwaterloo.ca.
² Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology (WIN), University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
³ Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology (WIN), University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
⁴ Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
⁵ Dept. of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
⁶ Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada; Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
⁷ Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada; Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology (WIN), University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.

PMID: 33676163
DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113114

Abstract

Heart failure (HF) is the number one cause of death in the world. B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is a recognized biomarker for HF and can be used for early detection. Field effect transistor (FET) biosensors have the ability to sense BNP in much shorter times than conventional clinical studies. The lowest limit of detection (LOD) of state-of-the-art HF FET biosensors is 100 fM and detection ranges are short, being less than 4 orders of magnitude. In this work, a B/N co-doped graphene oxide (GO) gel (BN-GO) was used as the channel material in an FET biosensor targeting BNP. The sensor was able to sense BNP in as little as 2 min, with an LOD as low as 10 aM and a wide linear detection range of 10 aM-1 μM, stretching over 11 orders of magnitude. The biosensor showed great selectivity and minimal response towards K⁺ and OH^- ions and the human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2) protein. This biosensor serves as a proof-of-concept of the ability of BN-GO gel FETs to be used for ultrasensitive biosensors.

Keywords: Biosensor; FET; Graphene-based; Heart failure.

MeSH terms

Biosensing Techniques*
Graphite*
Heart Failure*
Humans
Transistors, Electronic

Substances

graphene oxide
Graphite