Characterizing gangliosides in six sea cucumber species by HILIC-ESI-MS/MS

Xincen Wang; Xiaoxu Wang; Peixu Cong; Xiaomei Zhang; Hongwei Zhang; Changhu Xue; Jie Xu

doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129379

Characterizing gangliosides in six sea cucumber species by HILIC-ESI-MS/MS

Food Chem. 2021 Aug 1:352:129379. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129379. Epub 2021 Feb 23.

Authors

Xincen Wang¹, Xiaoxu Wang¹, Peixu Cong², Xiaomei Zhang³, Hongwei Zhang³, Changhu Xue⁴, Jie Xu⁵

Affiliations

¹ College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5, Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China.
² College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5, Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China. Electronic address: cpx69@139.com.
³ Technology Center of Qingdao Customs District, No. 70, Qutangxia Road, Qingdao 266002, Shandong Province, China.
⁴ College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5, Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China; Laboratory of Marine Drugs and Biological Products, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, (Qingdao), No. 1, Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, Shandong Province, China.
⁵ College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5, Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China. Electronic address: xujie9@ouc.edu.cn.

PMID: 33676121
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129379

Abstract

An HILIC-ESI-MS/MS method was established to analyze ganglioside (GLS) in sea cucumbers. In total, 17 GLS subclasses were detected in six sea cucumber species. The basic sea cucumber GLSs (SC-GLSs) were elucidated as NeuGc2-6Glc1-1Cer (SC-GM₄). The polymerization degree of the sialic acid (Sia) of SC-GLSs can be up to 4, and the linkage among Sias was mostly determined to be 2-8 or 2-11. Neu5Gc, sulfated and fucosylated NeuGc prevalently existed in SC-GLSs. Moreover, a new SC-GLSs structure with phosphoinositidyled Sia was first observed in Bohadschia marmorata. For the first time, we demonstrated that the content of SC-GD₄, which is the dominant GLS in sea cucumbers, was 27-67%. Minor GLSs characterized as SC-GT₂(Neu5GcMe) and SC-GQ₂(Neu5GcMe) were also discovered. Additionally, SC-GD₄ and SC-GD₄(1S) could significantly promote the differentiation of PC12 cells with structure-selectivity (p < 0.05). Our results provide insights into SC-GLSs to elucidate their Sia substituent and core saccharide chain linkage.

Keywords: Fucosylated sialic acid; Neurotrophic effect; Semi-quantitation; Structural characterization; Sulfated sialic acid.

MeSH terms

Animals
Gangliosides / analysis*
Gangliosides / chemistry
Glucosinolates / chemistry
N-Acetylneuraminic Acid / chemistry
Sea Cucumbers / chemistry*
Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization*
Tandem Mass Spectrometry*

Substances

Gangliosides
Glucosinolates
N-Acetylneuraminic Acid