Pancreatic Pseudocyst Fistulization: An Unusual Case of Upper GI Bleeding

Abstract

The pancreas is an unusual source of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. GI bleeding from the pancreas is most frequently a result of complications from acute or chronic pancreatitis resulting in vascular damage and bleeding into the pancreatic duct. Rarely, however, a pancreatic pseudocyst can come into contact with the GI tract and form a fistula. However, these fistulas can be difficult to identify during endoscopy due to their lateral position, and computed tomography is often necessary to make a definitive diagnosis. Erosion of the nearby vasculature as a result of the fistula can lead to bleeding. Embolization of the affected vessel is the standard of care, but particular attention should be given to not empirically embolize due to risk of complications. Here, we describe a case of an upper GI bleed due to a pancreatic pseudocyst that fistulized through the duodenal wall.

Keywords: fistula; gastrointestinal bleeding; pancreatic pseudocyst; pancreatitis.