Background: The relationship between birth by cesarean section (CS) and allergic diseases' prevalence continues to be controversial. We aimed to investigate if being born by CS is associated with the prevalence of allergic diseases and their symptoms in schoolchildren.
Methods: This study included children between 6 and 7 years of age, selected by population-based sampling. We investigated the presence of allergic diseases and their symptoms, family history of asthma, smoking in parents, breastfeeding, exposure to pets, the season of birth, number of siblings, consumption of unpasteurized cow's milk, and mode of birth.
Results: We included 1003 subjects (526 girls), of which 44.2% were born through CS. The prevalence of allergic diseases did not differ according to birth mode. Asthma in either parent, current smoking by the mother, breastfeeding, and unpasteurized cow's milk consumption were associated with wheezing at some time in life.
Conclusions: No association between CS birth mode and allergic diseases and their symptoms was found.
Keywords: Asthma; Allergic rhinitis; Atopic dermatitis; Cesarean section; Prevalence.