An untargeted metabolomic insight into the high-pressure stress effect on the germination of wholegrain Oryza sativa L

Yifan Ruan; Zhendong Cai; Yun Deng; Daodong Pan; Changyu Zhou; Jinxuan Cao; Xiaojia Chen; Qiang Xia

doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109984

An untargeted metabolomic insight into the high-pressure stress effect on the germination of wholegrain Oryza sativa L

Food Res Int. 2021 Feb:140:109984. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109984. Epub 2020 Dec 24.

Authors

Yifan Ruan¹, Zhendong Cai², Yun Deng³, Daodong Pan⁴, Changyu Zhou², Jinxuan Cao², Xiaojia Chen⁵, Qiang Xia⁶

Affiliations

¹ Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China.
² Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China; State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China.
³ Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
⁴ Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China; State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China; National R&D Center for Freshwater Fish Processing, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China.
⁵ State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau.
⁶ Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China; State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau. Electronic address: xqiang0713@hotmail.com.

PMID: 33648219
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109984

Abstract

High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) technique is used as a novel abiotic stress factor for efficiently enhancing the biosynthesis of selected bioactive phytochemicals in germinated wholegrain, but the information about HHP stress-induced metabolic changes remains rather limited. Thus, the current work employed an untargeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomic approach combining with multivariate models to analyze the effect of mild HHP stress (30 MPa/5 min) on the overall metabolome shifts of wholegrain brown rice (WBR) during germination. Simultaneously, major phenolics in germinated WBR (GBR) were detected by ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry, to explore the potential relationship between HHP stress-induced rice metabolome alternations and the biotransformation of bioactive components. The results demonstrated that the influence of HHP stress on GBR metabolite profiles was defined by germination durations, as revealed by the differentiation of the stressed grains from the naturally germinated grains at different germination points according to principal component analysis. This was further confirmed by the results of orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis, in which the discriminating metabolites between naturally germinated and HHP-stressed grains varied across the germination process. The metabolite signatures differentiating natural and HHP-stressed germination included glycerol-3-phosphate, monosaccharides, gamma-aminobutyric acid, 2,3-butanediol, glyceryl-glycoside, amino acids and myo-inositol. Besides, HHP stress led to the increase in ribose, arabinitol, salicylic acid, azelaic acid and gamma-aminobutyric acid, as well as the reduced phenolic acids. These results demonstrated that HHP stress before germination matched with appropriate process parameters could be used as a promising technology to tailor metabolic features of germinated products, thus exerting targeted nutrition and health implications.

Keywords: Brown rice; High pressure stress; Nontargeted metabolomics; OPLS-DA; Rice metabolome; UPLC-QToF/MS(2); Wholegrain germination.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Germination*
Hydrostatic Pressure
Metabolomics
Oryza*
Whole Grains