Osteogenic capability of strontium and icariin-loaded TiO2 nanotube coatings in vitro and in osteoporotic rats

J Biomater Appl. 2021 Apr;35(9):1119-1131. doi: 10.1177/0885328221997998. Epub 2021 Feb 25.

Abstract

Titanium (Ti) and Ti alloys are widely used biomaterials, but they lack osteogenic capability for rapid bone integration. To improve osseointegration of Ti implants, TiO2 nanotubes were prepared using the anodizing oxidation technique, and strontium (Sr) combined with icariin (ICA) was loaded on TiO2 nanotube coatings. Cell adhesion and proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralization of extracellular matrix, and bone formation around titanium implants in ovariectomized rats, were examined separately. The results showed that compared with pure Ti, TiO2 and Sr-loaded TiO2 coatings, the coatings loaded with both Sr and ICA showed better effect on cell adhesion and proliferation, higher ALP activity and more red-stained mineralized nodules. Furthermore, more bone was formed around implants loaded with both Sr and ICA in osteoporotic rats. Therefore, coating with Sr and ICA is valuable for clinical application to strengthen the osseointegration of titanium implants, especially in osteoporotic patients.

Keywords: TiO2 nanotube; Titanium implants; icariin; osteoporosis; strontium; surface coating.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Bone Density
  • Bone-Implant Interface
  • Cell Adhesion / drug effects
  • Cell Proliferation / drug effects
  • Female
  • Flavonoids / chemistry
  • Flavonoids / pharmacokinetics
  • Flavonoids / pharmacology*
  • Freeze Drying
  • Nanotubes / chemistry*
  • Osteoblasts / cytology
  • Osteoblasts / drug effects
  • Osteogenesis / drug effects*
  • Osteogenesis / physiology
  • Osteoporosis / physiopathology
  • Osteoporosis / therapy
  • Ovariectomy
  • Prostheses and Implants
  • Rats
  • Rats, Sprague-Dawley
  • Strontium / chemistry
  • Strontium / pharmacokinetics
  • Strontium / pharmacology*
  • Titanium / chemistry*

Substances

  • Flavonoids
  • titanium dioxide
  • Titanium
  • icariin
  • Strontium