Objective: To investigate the outcome of hip fracture patients associated with hyponatremia. Methods: From January 2012 to December 2016, the data of 1 001 elderly patients with hip fracture treated in the Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital were analyzed retrospectively. According to the level of serum sodium, the patients were divided into hyponatremia group (sodium<135 mmol/L) and non-hyponatremia group (sodium≥135 mmol/L), in which≥130-135 mmol/L was mild hyponatremia, ≥125-130 mmol/L was moderate hyponatremia, and<125 mmol/L was severe hyponatremia. The length of hospital stay, incidence of complications and mortality were compared between patient with hyponatremia and without; and the above three indexes between patients with mild hyponatremia and moderate severe hyponatremia were also analyzed. Results: There were 126 patients with hyponatremia, including 98 with mild hyponatremia (9.8%, 98/1 001), 18 with moderate hyponatremia (1.8%, 18/1 001), and 10 with severe hyponatremia (1.0%, 10/1001); of those patients, there were 53 males and 73 females, aged 82(78, 87) years. There were 875 patients in non-hyponatremia group, including 274 males and 601 females, and aged 81(75, 85) years. The mortality of 30 days, 1 year and overall were 9.5% (12/126), 26.2% (33/126) and 40.5% (51/126) in hyponatremia group, 3.5% (31/875), 14.2% (124/875) and 27.7% (242/875) in non-hyponatremia group, respectively; the differences between the two groups were all statistically significant (χ2=9.583, 12.031, 9.839, all P<0.05). After adjusting the age, sex, fracture type and coexisting diseases, hyponatremia was an independent risk factor for 30 days, 1 year and overall mortality, the OR(95%CI) was 2.744(1.331-5.654), 1.975(1.251-3.119), 1.637(1.099-2.440), respectively (all P<0.05). The 30 days, 1 year and overall mortality for mild hyponatremia were 6.1%, 24.5% and 37.8%, respectively; and those were 21.4%, 32.1% and 50.0% in patients with moderate and severe hyponatremia, respectively; only the difference for 30 days mortality was statistically different between two groups (χ²=4.278, P=0.039). The length of hospital stay for mild hyponatremia patients were 11 (9,16) d, and it was 12(10,18) d in patients with moderate and severe hyponatremia patients, and there was no significant difference between the two groups (Z=1.613, P=0.107). The incidence of complications was 22.9% (200/875) in non-hyponatremia group and 32.5%(41/126) in hyponatremia group, and there was significant difference between the two groups (χ²=5.649, P=0.017). Conclusions: Compared with non-hyponatremia, patients with hyponatremia have higher incidence of perioperative complications, longer hospital stay and higher mortality. With the increasing degree of hyponatremia, the above indicators tend to be serious.
目的： 调查低钠血症对髋部骨折预后的影响。 方法： 回顾性分析2012年1月至2016年12月解放军总医院第七医学中心收治的1 001例老年髋部骨折患者的资料。根据血清钠离子浓度分为低钠组（血钠<135 mmol/L）与非低钠组（血钠≥135 mmol/L），其中血钠≥130~135 mmol/L为轻度低钠血症，血钠≥125~130 mmol/L为中度低钠血症，血钠<125 mmol/L为重度低钠血症。研究低钠血症与非低钠血症患者住院时间、并发症发生率、死亡率的差异；进一步分析轻度低钠与中重度低钠患者住院时间、并发症发生率、死亡率的差异。 结果： 低钠患者126例，其中轻度98例（9.8%），中度18例（1.8%），重度10例（1.0%）；男53例，女73例；年龄82（78，87）岁。非低钠组875例，男274例，女601例；年龄81（75， 85）岁。低钠组患者术后30 d、1年和整体死亡率分别为9.5%（12/126）、26.2%（33/126）和40.5%（51/126），非低钠组则分别为3.5%（31/875）、14.2%（124/875）和27.7%（242/875），组间差异均有统计学意义（χ²=9.583、12.031、9.839，均P<0.05）。调整年龄、性别、骨折类型、并存病影响后，低钠血症是术后30 d、1年、整体死亡的独立危险因素，死亡风险的OR（95%CI）分别为2.744（1.331~5.654）、1.975（1.251~3.119）、1.637（1.099~2.440）（均P<0.05）。轻度低钠组术后30 d、1年和整体死亡率分别为6.1%、24.5%、37.8%，中重度低钠组则分别为21.4%、32.1%、50.0%，两组仅术后30 d死亡率差异有统计学意义（χ²=4.278，P=0.039）。轻度低钠组住院时间11（9，16） d，中重度低钠组为12（10，18） d，两组差异无统计学意义（Z=1.613，P=0.107）。非低钠组并发症发生率22.9%（200/875），低钠组为32.5%（41/126），两组差异有统计学意义（χ²=5.649，P=0.017）。 结论： 低钠老年髋部骨折患者围手术期并发症发生率高、住院时间长、术后死亡率高，且随着低钠程度的不断加重，以上指标趋于严重。.