An overview of vaccine development for COVID-19

Seyed H Shahcheraghi; Jamshid Ayatollahi; Alaa Aa Aljabali; Madhur D Shastri; Shakti D Shukla; Dinesh K Chellappan; Niraj K Jha; Krishnan Anand; Naresh K Katari; Meenu Mehta; Saurabh Satija; Harish Dureja; Vijay Mishra; Abdulmajeed G Almutary; Abdullah M Alnuqaydan; Nitin Charbe; Parteek Prasher; Gaurav Gupta; Kamal Dua; Marzieh Lotfi; Hamid A Bakshi; Murtaza M Tambuwala

doi:10.4155/tde-2020-0129

An overview of vaccine development for COVID-19

Ther Deliv. 2021 Mar;12(3):235-244. doi: 10.4155/tde-2020-0129. Epub 2021 Feb 24.

Authors

Seyed H Shahcheraghi^{1

2}, Jamshid Ayatollahi¹, Alaa Aa Aljabali³, Madhur D Shastri⁴, Shakti D Shukla⁵, Dinesh K Chellappan⁶, Niraj K Jha⁷, Krishnan Anand⁸, Naresh K Katari⁹, Meenu Mehta^{10

11}, Saurabh Satija^{10

11}, Harish Dureja¹², Vijay Mishra¹¹, Abdulmajeed G Almutary¹³, Abdullah M Alnuqaydan¹³, Nitin Charbe¹⁴, Parteek Prasher¹⁵, Gaurav Gupta¹⁶, Kamal Dua¹⁰, Marzieh Lotfi^{2

17}, Hamid A Bakshi¹⁸, Murtaza M Tambuwala¹⁸

Affiliations

¹ Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
² Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
³ Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan.
⁴ School of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia.
⁵ Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, School of Medicine & Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.
⁶ Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
⁷ Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
⁸ Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences & National Health Laboratory Service, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa.
⁹ Department of Chemistry, School of Science, GITAM Deemed to be University, Hyderabad 502329, India.
¹⁰ Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia.
¹¹ School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India.
¹² Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India.
¹³ Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia.
¹⁴ Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago 340, Región Metropolitana, Chile.
¹⁵ Department of Chemistry, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, India.
¹⁶ School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, India.
¹⁷ Abortion Research Center, Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
¹⁸ School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, County Londonderry, Northern Ireland, BT52 1SA, UK.

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic continues to endanger world health and the economy. The causative SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus has a unique replication system. The end point of the COVID-19 pandemic is either herd immunity or widespread availability of an effective vaccine. Multiple candidate vaccines - peptide, virus-like particle, viral vectors (replicating and nonreplicating), nucleic acids (DNA or RNA), live attenuated virus, recombinant designed proteins and inactivated virus - are presently under various stages of expansion, and a small number of vaccine candidates have progressed into clinical phases. At the time of writing, three major pharmaceutical companies, namely Pfizer and Moderna, have their vaccines under mass production and administered to the public. This review aims to investigate the most critical vaccines developed for COVID-19 to date.

Keywords: COVID-19; COVID-19 vaccines; SARS-CoV-2.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

COVID-19 / prevention & control*
COVID-19 Vaccines*
Humans
Pandemics

Substances

COVID-19 Vaccines