The Role of Place in Disparities Affecting Black Men Receiving Hemodialysis

Ladan Golestaneh; Angelo Karaboyas; Kerri Cavanaugh; Ebele M Umeukeje; Tanya S Johns; Roland J Thorpe Jr; Marino A Bruce; Derek M Griffith; Michal L Melamed; Keith C Norris

doi:10.1016/j.ekir.2020.10.014

The Role of Place in Disparities Affecting Black Men Receiving Hemodialysis

Kidney Int Rep. 2020 Oct 20;6(2):357-365. doi: 10.1016/j.ekir.2020.10.014. eCollection 2021 Feb.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA.
² Arbor Research Collaborative for Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
³ Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
⁴ Program for Research on Men's Health, Hopkins Center for Health Disparities Solutions, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
⁵ Department of Population Health Science, John D. Bower School of Population Health, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.
⁶ Center for Research on Men's Health, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
⁷ Division of General Internal Medicine and Nephrology, University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA.

Abstract

Introduction: Black men are over-represented in the end stage kidney disease population and are at disproportionate risk of unfavorable outcomes. There is a paucity of investigation to elucidate the mediators of this risk. This study attempts to identify residential community attributes as a possible contributor.

Methods: A post-hoc analysis of prospectively collected data from a cohort of Black men enrolled in the US Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS), 2010--2015, linked to the American Community Survey, by dialysis facility zip codes was undertaken. The exposure variable was the dialysis facility community composition as defined by percent Black residents. Negative binomial regression was used to estimate incidence rate ratio (IRR) of hospitalization (first outcome) for Black men in crude and adjusted models. Similarly, Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to estimate mortality (second outcome) for Black men by type of community.

Results: A total of 702 Black men receiving chronic hemodialysis were included in the study. Black men receiving hemodialysis in communities with greater proportions of Black residents had lower Charlson scores and fewer comorbidities, but a higher rate of hypertension. They had equivalent adherence to dialysis treatments, but a lower rate of arteriovenous fistula use and fewer dialysis minutes prescribed. Black men receiving dialysis in communities with a greater proportion of Black residents (per 10% increase) had higher adjusted hospitalization rates (IRR 1.09, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00-1.19) and mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 1.29, 95% CI 1.05-1.59).

Conclusions: This study supports the unique role of residential community as a risk factor for Black men with end stage kidney disease, showing higher hospitalization and mortality in those treating in Black versus non-Black communities, despite equivalent adherence and fewer comorbidities.

Keywords: Black men; community; health disparity; hemodialysis.

Abstract

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