Effect of photobiomodulation on external root resorption during orthodontic tooth movement - a randomized controlled trial

Abstract

Objective: The objective of the study was to compare external root resorption during orthodontic tooth movement between patients who were subjected to photobiomodulation and those who were not.

Materials and methods: The study was designed as a split-mouth, single-blind randomized controlled trial conducted on twenty-two orthodontic patients requiring extraction of maxillary first premolars (age group 13-30years). A buccal force was applied to all the premolars using a 0.019″×0.025″ beta-titanium cantilever spring for 28days. The test group premolars were irradiated by indium-gallium-arsenide (InGaAs) diode laser (980nm, 100mW) 0, 3, 7, 11, 15 and 28days after force application. Each premolar was irradiated at ten locations on the buccal and palatal gingiva resulting in a total energy of 10J delivered per tooth. After 28days, the root surface of all the premolars were studied for the number and volume of resorption craters using three-dimensional optical profilometry by a blinded assessor. One-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to ascertain normality and Mann-Whitney U test was applied for data analysis.

Results: All twenty-two patients enrolled completed the study. The root surface analysis showed formation of 32.78% less number of resorption craters (P<0.05) and 39.49% less volume of resorption craters (P<0.05) in the test group premolars relative to the control group premolars.

Conclusions: The results of the present study, therefore, suggest that photobiomodulation reduces external root resorption during orthodontic tooth movement.

Trial registration/registration number: CTRI/2018/04/013520.

Keywords: Dentistry; Low-level light therapy; Optical profilometry; Orthodontic appliance; Orthodontics; Photobiomodulation; Root resorption; Tooth movement.