Metal Nanoparticles in Dye Wastewater Treatment - Smart Solution for Clear Water

Abstract

Background: In past years, nanomaterials have been actively studied and developed and successfully used in many fields. Due to water scarcity, the application of nanomaterials in water and wastewater treatment has drawn significant attention. Due to their superior features, they represent functional materials with great potential for pollution removal and environmental applications.

Objective: This literature review aims to summarize and present the metal nanoparticles used for dye wastewater treatment. The discussion subject is metallic nanoparticles for mentioned use, with a special focus on iron-based, bimetallic, and photocatalytic nanomaterials.

Methods: Reference search of "metal nanoparticles in dye wastewater treatment" was conducted in detail through the Serbian Library Consortium for Coordinated Acquisition (KoBSON). Published papers search was mainly based on Web of Science and ScienceDirect database focusing on the latest research on this topic. The corresponding literature was carefully read, analyzed, and evaluated.

Results: Two hundred and twenty-four scientific and review articles, thesis, and book chapters, patents were evaluated in order to summarise current trends in metal nanoparticle use in wastewater treatment. An increasing trend in scientific research regarding metal nanoparticles can be observed for the removal of different inorganic and organic pollutants. Among the most extensively tested are dye molecules, representing challenging species in terms of degradation and consequent removal. Modification, layering, combination, and green synthesis of metal nanoparticles result in materials capable of efficient and environmentally sustainable wastewater treatment.

Conclusion: In this paper, an extensive review of metal nanoparticles in dye wastewater treatment is presented. With rapid water demand, the development of sustainable materials and technology is necessary. The use of these materials represents eco-friendly, energy-efficient, and sustainable water purification solutions. However, the matter of usage commercialization is still to be addressed.

Keywords: Nanomaterials; bimetallic nanoparticles; green synthesis.; metal nanoparticles; photocatalysis; wastewater.