Concentration of potentially harmful elements (PHEs) in eggplant vegetable (Solanum melongena) irrigated with wastewater: a systematic review and meta-analysis and probabilistic health risk assessment

Ali Atamaleki; Ahmadreza Yazdanbakhsh; Abdolmajid Gholizadeh; Nayera Naimi; Pouria Karimi; Van Nam Thai; Yadolah Fakhri

doi:10.1080/09603123.2021.1887461

Concentration of potentially harmful elements (PHEs) in eggplant vegetable (Solanum melongena) irrigated with wastewater: a systematic review and meta-analysis and probabilistic health risk assessment

Int J Environ Health Res. 2022 Jul;32(7):1419-1431. doi: 10.1080/09603123.2021.1887461. Epub 2021 Feb 15.

Authors

Ali Atamaleki¹, Ahmadreza Yazdanbakhsh^{2

3}, Abdolmajid Gholizadeh⁴, Nayera Naimi^{4

5}, Pouria Karimi^{1

2}, Van Nam Thai⁶, Yadolah Fakhri⁷

Affiliations

¹ Student Research Committee, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
² Workplace Health Promotion Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
³ School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
⁴ Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran.
⁵ PhD Student in Environmental Health Engineering, School Of Health, Student Research Committee, Mashhad University Of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
⁶ Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HUTECH) 475A, Ho Chi Minh City, Dien Bien Phu, Ward 25, Binh Thanh District, Vietnam.
⁷ Food Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.

PMID: 33588645
DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2021.1887461

Abstract

The main objectives of this study were PHEs concentration meta-analysis (Fe, Zn, Cr, Ni, Cu, Pb, and Cd) in eggplant irrigated by wastewater and the following estimation of non-carcinogenic (n-CR) risk for the consumers based on countries. According to the results, the rank order of PHEs concentration in eggplant was Fe (88.3 mg/kg -dry weight) > Zn (10.1 mg/kg -dry weight) > Pb (3.0 mg/kg -dry weight) > Ni (2.7 mg/kg -dry weight) > Cu (1.1 mg/kg -dry weight) > Cd (0.9 mg/kg -dry weight) > Cr (0.05 mg/kg -dry weight). Moreover, n-CR risk showed that all investigated countries (China, India, Pakistan, Turkey, and Jordan) except for United Arab Emirates (UAE) had a considerable n-CR in both age groups (adults and children).

Keywords: Irrigation; eggplant; meta-analysis; potentially harmful elements; risk assessment; wastewater.

Publication types

Meta-Analysis
Review
Systematic Review

MeSH terms

Adult
Cadmium / analysis
Child
Environmental Monitoring / methods
Humans
Lead / analysis
Metals, Heavy* / analysis
Risk Assessment
Soil Pollutants* / analysis
Solanum melongena*
Vegetables
Wastewater / analysis

Substances

Metals, Heavy
Soil Pollutants
Waste Water
Cadmium
Lead