(1) Background: Radiation-induced sarcomas (RIS) are rare diseases with poor prognoses. The aim of the study was to analyze outcomes and identify factors affecting survival in a cohort of patients with RIS. (2) Methods: We included consecutive patients with RIS that we found in the available electronic medical records of a sarcoma tertiary center. We analyzed patients' RIS characteristics, management of RIS, the occurrence of local recurrence and distant metastases, the date of disease progression, the date of death, and the date of the last follow-up. (3) Results: Fifty-eight patients met the inclusion criteria. The most frequent sites of RIS development were the thorax and pelvis. The majority of RIS were poorly differentiated, high-grade tumors. Forty patients underwent surgery or radiotherapy with curative intent. The others were referred to palliative chemotherapy. Median progression-free survival and overall survival were 15 and 21 months, respectively. Treatment with curative intent and tumor localization on breasts and upper extremities were associated with a lower risk of death in univariate analysis. (4) Conclusions: The study confirms the poor prognosis of RIS. Treatments with locally curative intent at the tumor site are of prognostic value. Secondary radiotherapy is rarely used in RIS.
Keywords: cancer survivors; radiation effects; radiation-induced neoplasms; radiotherapy; rare diseases; sarcoma.