Walking Initiated 20 Minutes before the Time of Individual Postprandial Glucose Peak Reduces the Glucose Response in Young Men with Overweight or Obesity: A Randomized Crossover Study

Abstract

Background: Although a single bout of postmeal exercise can lower postprandial glucose (PPG), its optimal timing remains unclear.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of exercise timing using an individualized approach on PPG in overweight or obese young men.

Methods: Twenty men [age: 23.0 ± 4.3 y; BMI (kg/m2): 27.4 ± 2.8] each completed three 240-min trials in a randomized order separated by 6-14 d: 1) sitting (SIT), 2) walking initiated at each participant's PPG-peak time (PPGP) (iP), and 3) walking initiated 20 min before the PPGP (20iP). For each participant, PPGP was predetermined using continuous glucose monitoring. Walking was performed at 50% maximal oxygen consumption for 30 min. Venous blood was collected at 15- and 30-min intervals for 0-120 min and 120-240 min, respectively. The primary outcome was plasma PPG. Generalized estimating equations were used for comparison between trials.

Results: Compared with SIT, the 4-h incremental AUCs (iAUCs) for plasma PPG (-0.6 mmol · L-1 · h; P = 0.047) and insulin (-28.7%, P < 0.001) were reduced in 20iP only, and C-peptide concentrations were lower after iP (-14.9%, P = 0.001) and 20iP (-28.7%, P < 0.001). Plasma insulin (-11.1%, P = 0.006) and C-peptide (-8.3%, P = 0.012) were lower due to the 20iP compared with iP treatment. Finally, PPG reductions due to iP and 20iP occurred only in men with a BMI > 27.5 kg/m2 (iP, -11.2%; 20iP, -14.7%; P = 0.047) and higher glucose iAUC values during SIT (iP, -25.5%; 20iP, -25.7%; P < 0.001).

Conclusions: Walking initiated 20 min before PPGP lowered PPG and plasma insulin and C-peptide concentrations in young men with overweight or obesity, in particular in those with high BMI or glucose iAUC values during SIT; it also lowered plasma insulin and C-peptide concentrations more effectively than did exercise initiated at PPGP. This trial was registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (http://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx) as ChiCTR1900023175.

Keywords: exercise timing; individualized exercise; postmeal exercise; postprandial glucose; postprandial glycemia.