Background: Soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) is a biomarker of endothelial activation and inflammation. There is still controversy as to whether it can predict clinical outcome after ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Our aim was to assess the sVCAM-1 kinetics and to evaluate its prognostic predictive value.
Method: We prospectively enrolled 251 consecutive STEMI patients who underwent coronary revascularization in our university hospital. Blood samples were collected at admission, 4, 24, 48 h and 1 month after admission. sVCAM-1 serum level was assessed using ELISA assay. All patients had cardiac magnetic resonance imaging at 1-month for infarct size (IS) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) assessment. Clinical outcomes were recorded over 12 months after STEMI.
Results: sVCAM-1 levels significantly increased from admission up to 1 month and were significantly correlated with IS, LVEF, and LV end-systolic and diastolic volume. (H48 area under curve (AUC) ≥ H48 median) were associated with an increased risk of adverse clinical events during the 12-month follow-up period with a hazard ratio (HR) = 2.6 (95% confidence interval [CI] of ratio = 1.2-5.6, p = .02). The ability of H48 AUC for sVCAM-1 to discriminate between patients with or without the composite endpoint was evaluated using receiver operating characteristics with an AUC at 0.67 (0.57-0.78, p = .004). This ability was significantly superior to H48 AUC creatine kinase (p = .03).
Conclusions: In STEMI patients, high sVCAM-1 levels are associated with a poor clinical outcome. sVCAM-1 is an early postmyocardial infarction biomarker and might be an interesting target for the development of future therapeutic strategies.
Keywords: STEMI; VCAM-1; acute coronary syndrome; cell adhesion molecules; inflammation.
© 2021 The Authors. Immunity, Inflammation and Disease published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.