Purpose: This study presents a novel surgical navigation tool developed in mixed reality environment for orthopaedic surgery. Joint and skeletal deformities affect all age groups and greatly reduce the range of motion of the joints. These deformities are notoriously difficult to diagnose and to correct through surgery.
Method: We have developed a surgical tool which integrates surgical instrument tracking and augmented reality through a head mounted display. This allows the surgeon to visualise bones with the illusion of possessing "X-ray" vision. The studies presented below aim to assess the accuracy of the surgical navigation tool in tracking a location at the tip of the surgical instrument in holographic space.
Results: Results show that the average accuracy provided by the navigation tool is around 8 mm, and qualitative assessment by the orthopaedic surgeons provided positive feedback in terms of the capabilities for diagnostic use.
Conclusions: More improvements are necessary for the navigation tool to be accurate enough for surgical applications, however, this new tool has the potential to improve diagnostic accuracy and allow for safer and more precise surgeries, as well as provide for better learning conditions for orthopaedic surgeons in training.
Keywords: Augmented reality; Holographic visualisation; Image-guided diagnosis; Image-guided treatment; Mixed reality; Orthopaedic surgery; Orthopaedics; Surgical navigation.